Prof. Dr. Regina Betz

Work at ZHAW

Management role

Head, Head of Center for Energy and the Environment(CEE)

Position at the ZHAW

Professor for Energy and Environmental Economics

www.zhaw.ch/cee

Education and Continuing education

Expertise and research interests

Design and evaluation of policy instruments such as taxes and market based approaches to combat climate change, air pollution, enhance energy efficiency or uptake of renewable energy
Exerpimental economics

Professional milestones

2019- : Co-President National Science Foundation (NFP) 73: Sustainable Economy
2018- : President of Swiss Association for Energy Economics (SAEE)
2014-2020: Council member Öko-Institut e.V.
2014-2016: Fellow at the Centre for Religion, Economy and Politics of the University of Basel
Since 2013: Senior Lecturer für Economics at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences
Since 2012: Visiting fellow at Centre for Energy Policy and Economics, ETH Zurich
2013-2017: Research Coordinator at the Centre for Energy and Environmental Markets (CEEM), UNSW Sydney
2011-2012: Visiting fellow at the Chair of political economy of University of Zurich
2005-2012: Joint Director at the Centre for Energy and Environmental Markets (CEEM)and Senior Lecturer School of Economics, Business School, UNSW Sydney.

Educational background

2003 Ph.D. at German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer
1997 Master / Diploma in economics at University of Trier

Membership of networks

• Swiss Association of Energy Economics / International Association of Energy Economics (IAEE)
• Economics Science Association (ESA)
   
• Verein für Socialpolitik (VfS) / Ausschuss für Umwelt- und Ressourcenökonomie
• European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ECEEE)
   
• European Association Environment & Resource Economics (EAERE)
  International Association of Energy Economics (IAEE)
   
• Climate Strategies

Projects

• DEcarbonisation of Cities and Regions with Renewable GAses (DeCIRRA) / Project leader / Project ongoing
• Competence for Cantonal Energy and Climate Policy ZHAW through expansion and communication of the Cantonal Clean Energy INDEX Switzerland (CEIS) / Team member / Project completed
• Analysis of unused Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs) of the Clean Development Mechanism / Project leader / Project completed
• Establishing the Cantonal Clean Energy INDEX Switzerland (CEIS) as standard instrument for policy makers / Project leader / Project completed
• Re@dy4 sustainable electricity? / Deputy project leader / Project completed
• H2020 SONNET: Social Innovation for the Energy Transition / Project leader / Project completed
• ODYSSEE MURE II / Project co-leader / Project completed
• SNIS - Effective Carbon Market Regulation / Project leader / Project completed
• The influence of market structure and regulation on carbon markets / Project leader / Project completed
• PhD Network in Data Science / Team member / Project completed
• Aktuelle Vorschläge zu einem neuen Strommarktdesign / Project co-leader / Project completed
• EU project to assess energy efficiency policies / Project leader / Project completed
• The Future of Swiss Hydropower: Distributional Effects of Water Fee Reform Options / Project leader / Project completed
• Untersuchung rechtlicher Aspekte der Energiestrategie 2050 / Project leader / Project completed
• Energy Policy Analysis Group / SCCER CREST / Project leader / Project completed

Publications

• Sovacool, Benjamin K.; Brugger, Heike; Brunzema, Iska; Dańkowska, Alicja; Wemyss, Devon; Vernay, Anne-Lorène; Betz, Regina; Avelino, Flor; de Geus, Tessa; Dembek, Agata; Duetschke, Elisabeth; Hielscher, Sabine; Iskandarova, Marfuga; Müller, Leticia; Musiolik, Jörg; Ranville, Adélie; Schleich, Joachim; Stasik, Agata; Strumińska-Kutra, Marta; Winzer, Christian; Wittmayer, Julia; Rogge, Karoline S.,

  2023.

  Social innovation supports inclusive and accelerated energy transitions with appropriate governance.

  Communications Earth & Environment.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00952-w

• Gui, Emi Minghui; MacGill, Iain; Betz, Regina,

  2021.

  Consumer-centric and capital efficient design of community microgrids for financially-strapped communities.

  Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy.

  16(10), pp. 929-950.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2021.1983083

• Abrell, Jan; Cludius, Johanna; Lehmann, Sascha; Schleich, Joachim; Betz, Regina,

  2021.

  Corporate emissions-trading behaviour during the first decade of the EU ETS.

  Environmental and Resource Economics.

  pp. 1-37.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-021-00593-7

• Kosch, Mirjam; Betz, Regina; Geissmann, Thomas; Schillinger, Moritz; Weigt, Hannes,

  2021.

  The future of Swiss hydropower : how to distribute the risk and the profits?.

  Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft und Statistik.

  157(5), pp. 1-17.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41937-021-00074-0

• Wei, Xinyang; Tong, Qing; Magill, Iain; Vithayasrichareon, Peerapat; Betz, Regina,

  2020.

  Evaluation of potential co-benefits of air pollution control and climate mitigation policies for China's electricity sector.

  Energy Economics.

  92(104917).

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104917

• Shen, Peiyao; Betz, Regina; Ortmann, Andreas; Gong, Rukai,

  2020.

  Improving truthful reporting of polluting firms by rotating inspectors : experimental evidence from a bribery game.

  Environmental and Resource Economics.

  76(2-3), pp. 201-233.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020-00417-0

• Cludius, Johanna; Betz, Regina,

  2020.

  The role of banks in EU emissions trading.

  The Energy Journal.

  41(2), pp. 275-299.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.5547/01956574.41.2.jclu

• Tu, Qiang; Betz, Regina; Mo, Jianlei; Fan, Ying; Liu, Yu,

  2019.

  Achieving grid parity of wind power in China : present levelized cost of electricity and future evolution.

  Applied Energy.

  250, pp. 1053-1064.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.039

• Tu, Qiang; Betz, Regina; Mo, Jianlei; Fan, Ying,

  2019.

  The profitability of onshore and wind and solar PV power projects in China : a comparative study.

  Energy Policy.

  132, pp. 404-417.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.05.041

• Shen, Peiyao; Betz, Regina; Yong, Soo Keong; et al.,

  2018.

  Energy efficiency subsidies, additionality and incentive compatibility under hidden information.

  Energy Efficiency.

  12(6), pp. 1429-1442.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-018-9745-2

• Tu, Qiang; Betz, Regina; Mo, Jianlei; Fan, Ying; Liu, Yu,

  2018.

  Can carbon pricing support onshore wind power development in China? : an assessment based on a large sample project dataset.

  Journal of Cleaner Production.

  198, pp. 24-36.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.292

• Betz, Regina; Greiner, Ben; Schweitzer, Sascha; Seifert, Stefan,

  2017.

  Auction format and auction sequence in multi-item multi-unit auctions : an experimental study.

  The Economic Journal.

  127(605), pp. 351-371.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12403

• Betz, Regina; Schmidt, Tobias S.,

  2015.

  Transfer patterns in Phase I of the EU Emissions Trading System : a first reality check based on cluster analysis.

  Climate Policy.

  16(4), pp. 474-495.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2015.1028319

• Betz, Regina; Cludius, Johanna; Twomey, Paul,

  2014.

  Designing prediction markets for international negotiations : lessons learnt from the climate summit in Copenhagen.

  Global Environmental Change.

  27, pp. 106-119.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.007

• Contreras, Zaida; Ancev, Tihomir; Betz, Regina,

  2014.

  Evaluation of environmental taxation on multiple air pollutants in the electricity generation sector : evidence from New South Wales, Australia.

  Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy.

  3(2), pp. 119-143.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.3.2.zcon

• Betz, Regina; Michaelowa, Axel; Castro, Paula; Kotsch, Raphaela; Mehling, Michael; Michaelowa, Katharina; Baranzini, Andrea,

  2022.

  The carbon market challenge : preventing abuse through effective governance.

  Cambridge:

  Cambridge University Press.

  Elements in Earth System Governance.

  ISBN 978-1-009-21647-0.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009216500

• Schleiniger, Reto; Betz, Regina; Winzer, Christian,

  2019.

  Der schweizerische Strommarkt zwischen Liberalisierung und Regulierung : eine ökonomische Auslegeordnung.

  Zürich:

  Dike.

  Schriften zum Energierecht ; 11.

  ISBN 978-3-03891-092-3.

• Betz, Regina,

  2020.

  Partizipation glaubensgestützter Nichtregierungsorganisationen an internationalen Klimaverhandlungen

  .

  In:

  Matern, Harald; Pfleiderer, Georg, eds.,

  Krise der Zukunft I : Apokalyptische Diskurse in interdisziplinärer Diskussion.

  Baden-Baden:

  Nomos.

  pp. 179-248.

  Religion – Wirtschaft – Politik ; 15.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.34313/978-3-290-22057-0

• Betz, Regina,

  2017.

  Religion und Treibhausgasemissionen : Potenziale religiöser Gemeinschaften im Klimaschutz

  .

  In:

  Pfleiderer, Georg; Matern, Harald; Köhrsen, Jens, eds.,

  Krise der Zukunft II : Verantwortung und Freiheit angesichts apokalyptischer Zukunftsszenarien.

  Baden-Baden:

  Nomos.

  pp. 73-100.

  Religion – Wirtschaft – Politik ; 16.

• Betz, Regina,

  2015.

  Emissions trading in practice : lessons learnt from the EU Emissions trading scheme

  .

  In:

  Managi, Shunsuke, ed.,

  The Routledge handbook of environmental economics in Asia.

  London:

  Routledge.

  pp. 182-206.

  Routledge international handbooks.

• Leu, Thomas; Betz, Regina,

  2016.

  Environmental tax evaluation : what can be learnt so far? [paper].

  In:

  International Energy Policies & Programmes Evaluation Conference, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 7-9 June 2016.

  Available from: https://energy-evaluation.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/2016-paper-leu.pdf

• Betz, Regina; Boogen, Annina; Rösli, Stephan,

  2023.

  Welche Kantone investieren am meisten in erneuerbare Energien?.

  Die Volkswirtschaft.

  2023(3), pp. 58-61.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-27840

• Betz, Regina; Winzer, Christian,

  2022.

  Social innovation in energy transition : evaluation challenges and innovative solutions [paper].

  In:

  eceee Summer Study Proceedings.

  eceee 2022 Summer Study, Hyères, France, 6-11 June 2022.

  eceee.

  pp. 551-557.

• Acworth, William; Kunemann, Ernst; Boute, Anatole; Betz, Regina,

  2021.

  Emissions trading in pursuit of electricity decarbonisation - market structures and regulations matter.

  Climate Change

  ; 38/2021.

  Dessau-Roßlau:

  Umweltbundesamt.

  Available from: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/emissions-trading-in-pursuit-of-electricity

• Abrell, Jan; Betz, Regina; Kosch, Mirjam; Kardish, Christopher; Mehling, Michael,

  2020.

  The Californian emissions trading system and electricity market : influence of market structures and market regulation on the carbon market.

  Climate Change

  ; 49/2020.

  Dessau-Roßlau:

  Umweltbundesamt.

  Available from: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/californian-emissions-trading-system-and-electricity-market

• Abrell, Jan; Betz, Regina; Kosch, Mirjam,

  2020.

  The European emissions trading system and the German and Polish electricity market : influence of market structures and market regulation on the carbon market.

  Climate Change

  ; 48/2020.

  Dessau-Roßlau:

  Umweltbundesamt.

  Available from: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/european-emissions-trading-system-and-german-and-polish-electricity-market

• Schleich, Joachim; Lehmann, Sascha; Cludius, Johanna; Abrell, Jan; Betz, Regina; Pinkse, Jonathan,

  2020.

  Active or passive? : companies’ use of the EU ETS.

  Working Paper Sustainability and Innovation

  ; 7.

  Karlsruhe:

  Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.24406/publica-fhg-300315

• Fauceglia, Dario; Müller, Tobias; Leu, Thomas; Betz, Regina,

  2020.

  How do firms respond to a rising carbon tax? [paper].

  In:

  25th EAERE Annual Conference, online, 23 June - 3 July 2020.

• Minghui Guia, Emi; MacGillb, Iain; Betz, Regina,

  2019.

  Smart infrastructure planning : coordinating distributed community energy resources.

  IEEE Smart Cities.

  Available from: https://smartcities.ieee.org/newsletter/smart-infrastructure-planning-coordinating-distributed-community-energy-resources

• Acworth, William; Kuneman, Ernst; La Hoz Theuer, Stephanie; Abrell, Jan; Baer, Julia; Betz, Regina; Kosch, Mirjam; Müller, Tobias; Cludius, Johanna; Healy, Sean; Graichen, Jakob; Boute, Anatole; Zhang, Hao; Baisch, Rainer,

  2019.

  Influence of market structures and market regulation on the carbon market : interim report.

  Berlin:

  German Emissions Trading Authority (DEHSt).

  Available from: https://www.dehst.de/SharedDocs/downloads/EN/publications/report_influence-of-market-structures-and-market-regulation.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3.

• Cludius, Johanna; Betz, Regina,

  2018.

  EU emissions trading : role of banks and other financial actors - insights from the EU transaction log and interviews.

  SML Working Paper

  ; 12.

  Winterthur:

  ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-3755

• Cludius, Johanna; Betz, Regina,

  2016.

  EU emissions trading : the role of banks and other financial actors : insights from the EU transaction log and interviews.

  SML Working Paper

  ; 12.

  Winterthur:

  ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-1144

• Betz, Regina; Cludius, Johanna; Riesz, Jenny,

  2015.

  Capacity Remuneration Mechanisms : Overview, Implementation in Selected European Jurisdictions, and Implications for Switzerland.

  SML Working Paper

  ; 10.

  Winterthur:

  ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-1143

• Betz, Regina; Leu, Thomas; Schleiniger, Reto,

  2015.

  Disentangling the Effects of Swiss Energy and Climate Policies.

  SML Working Paper

  ; 5.

  Winterthur:

  ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-1009

• Neuhoff, Karsten; Acworth, William; Betz, Regina; Burtraw, Dallaw; Cludius, Johanna; Fell, Harrison; Hepbrun, Cameron; Holt, Charles; Jotzo, Frank; Kollenberg, Sascha; Landis, Florian; Slant, Stephen; Schopp, Anne; Shobe, William; Taschini, Luca; Trotignon, Raphael,

  2015.

  Is a market stability reserve likely to improve the functioning of the EU ETS? : evidence from a model comparison exercise.

  Berlin:

  Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung DIW.

  Available from: https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Climate-Strategies-MSR-Report-Final1.pdf

• Betz, Regina,

  2014.

  Klima im Wandel - Emissionsrechte im Handel.

  Competence.

  2014, pp. 21-23.

  Available from: https://doi.org/10.21256/zhaw-17789

• Fauceglia, Dario; Leu, Thomas; Müller, Tobias; Betz, Regina,

  2023.

  How do firms respond to a rising carbon tax?.

  In:

  Annual Congress of the Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics (SSES/SGVS), Neuchâtel, Switzerland, 29-30 June 2023.

• Schwendner, Peter; Kotsch, Raphaela; Betz, Regina,

  2019.

  Risks in carbon markets : lessons-learned from the flexibility mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol.

  In:

  UN Climate Change Conference (COP25), Side Events, Madrid (Spain), December 2019.

• Betz, Regina; Schwendner, Peter; Kotsch, Raphaela,

  2019.

  Transfers of Kyoto units in the Swiss Emissions Trading Registry : a network analysis from 2007-2014.

  In:

  4th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Finance and Industry, Winterthur, Switzerland, 5 September 2019.

• Schleiniger, Reto; Betz, Regina,

  2018.

  Aktuelle Vorschläge für den schweizerischen Strommarkt : inwiefern werden dadurch erneuerbare Energien gefördert.

  In:

  Zweiter Energiegipfel: Neues Marktmodell für die Energiewende, Bern, 31. Januar 2018.

• Betz, Regina; Cludius, Johanna; Schopp, Anne,

  2015.

  The role of the financial sector in EU emissions trading.

  In:

  38th IAEE International Conference, Antalya, Turkey, 25-27 May 2015.

• Betz, Regina,

  2013.

  The initial allocation mechanism and market efficiency : a laboratory study on emissions trading markets.

  In:

  2013 ESA World Meetings, Zurich, Switzerland, 11-14 July 2013.

Publications before appointment at the ZHAW

PEER REVIEWED ARTICLES
Ancev, T. / Betz, R. / Contreras, Z. 2012, The New South Wales load based licensing scheme for NOX: Lessons learnt after a decade of operation, Ecological Economics, 80, S. 70–78.

Twomey, P. / Betz, R. / MacGill, I. 2012, Achieving additional emission reductions under a cap-and-trade scheme, Climate Policy, 12(4), S. 424-439.

Betz, R. / Owen, T. 2010, The Implications of Australia’s Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme for its National Electricity Market, Energy Policy, 38( 9), S. 4966-4977.

Betz, R. / Seifert, S. / Cramton, P. / Kerr, S. 2010, Auctioning greenhouse gas emissions permits in Australia, Australian Journal of Agriculture and Resource Economics, 54, S. 219–238.

Betz, R. / Sanderson, T. / Ancev, T. 2010, In or out: Efficient inclusion of installations in an Emissions Trading Scheme?, Journal of Regulatory Economics, 37(2), S. 162-179.

Jotzo, F. / Betz, R. 2009, Australia’s emissions trading scheme: opportunities and obstacles for linking, Climate Policy, 9(4), S. 402–414.

Schleich, J. / Rogge, K. / Betz, R. 2009, Incentives for energy efficiency in the EU Emission Trading Scheme, Energy Efficiency, 2( 1), S. 37–67.

Betz, R. / Stafford, A. 2008, The policy issues arising with the linking of international emissions trading schemes, Australian Resources and Energy Law Journal, special issue on Emissions Trading, 27( 1), S. 86-104.

Betz, R. / Rogge, K. / Schleich, J. 2006, EU Emission Trading: An Early Analysis of National Allocation Plans for 2008-2012, Climate Policy, 6( 4), S. 361-394.

Neuhoff, K., Ahman, M., Betz R., Claudius, J., Ferrario, F., Holmgren, K., Pal, G., Grubb, M., Matthes, F., Rogge, K., Sato, M., Schleich, J., Tuerk, A., Kettner, C., Walker, N. 2006, Implications of announced Phase 2 National Allocation Plans for the EU ETS, Climate Policy, 6(4), S. 411-422.

Betz, R. / Rogge, K. / Schön, M. 2006, Domestic Climate Projects: Limited opportunities in Germany but example for others?, Energy and Environment, 17( 4), S. 569-582.

Betz, R. / Eichhammer, W. / Schleich, J. 2004, Designing National Allocation Plans for EU Emissions Trading – A First Analysis of the Outcome, Energy and Environment, 15( 3), S. 375-425.

Wartmann, S. C. / Cremer, C. / Betz, R. 2001, Bedeutung des Bonner Beschlusses und der Ergebnisse aus Marrakesch für die langfristige Senkung der Treibhausgasemissionen. Eine Analyse der Angebots- und Nachfrageseite, Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, 25( 4), S. 263-272.

Michaelowa, A. / Betz, R. 2001, Implications of EU Enlargement on the EU Greenhouse Gas “Bubble” and Internal Burden Sharing, International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 1( 2), S. 267-279.

BÜCHER/BOOKS
Betz, R. 2003, Emissionshandel zur Bekämpfung des Treibhauseffektes. Die Auswirkungen der Ausgestaltung auf die Transaktionskosten – am Beispiel Deutschland, IRB Verlag, Stuttgart.

Edler, J.; Betz, R.; K. Blind; S. Bührer; B. Bührlen; B. Ebersberger; E. Eichhammer; M. Friedewald; S. Hafner; K. Menrad; K. Ostertag; M. Ragwitz; T. Reiß; K. Rogge; J. Schleich; R. Walz; J. Wengel 2006, Nachfrageorientierte Innovationspolitik, TAB-Arbeitsbericht Nr. 99, Karlsruhe/Berlin.

BUCHBEITRÄGE/ BOOK CHAPTERS
Betz R. / Rogge K. / Schleich J. 2006, Die Innovationswirkungen der Allokationsregeln im Treibhausgasemissionsrechtehandel, in Nachfrageorientierte Innovationspolitik, Edler J. et al. (Hrsg.), TAB-Arbeitsbericht Nr.99, Karlsruhe/Berlin, S. 294-302.

Schleich, J. / Betz, R. / Bradke, H. / Walz, R. 2004, Der Allokationsplan, in Emissionshandel, Lucht, M. & Spangerdt, G. (Hrsg.), Heidelberg, S. 101-116.

Schleich, J. / Betz, R. / Gagelmann, F. / Jochem, E. / Koewener, D. 2002, Germany: Unification and contradiction, in Climate Change and Power, Vrolijk, Christiaan (Ed.), The Royal Institute for International Affairs, Earthscan Publications, London, S. 148-176.

Betz, R. 2000, The Activities Implemented Jointly (AIJ) Projects of the E7 Initiative: Renewable Energy Supply Systems in Indonesia. A Case Study, in Climate Policy and Development, Michaelowa, A. / Dutschke, M. (Ed.), Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, S. 91-132.

OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Jones, M.C., Twomey, P., MacGill, I., Betz, R. 2011, Australia - Finally a Carbon Pricing Scheme?, in Greenhouse Gas Market 2011, Asia and Beyond: the Roadmap to Global Carbon & Energy Markets, published by International Emissions Trading Association (IETA).

Betz, R., MacGill, I. und Passey, R. 2011, Australian Domestic Offset Policies: An example for achieving real greenhouse gas emissions reductions?, Joint Implementation Quarterly, 16(4), S. 11-15.

Betz, R. und Cludius, J. 2010, Post-Copenhagen: A Perspective from Australia and its Asian-Pacific Neighbours, Auslandsinformationen 3/2010, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V., Berlin, S.123-126.

Betz, R. / S. Seifert / K.-M. Ehrhart / B. Greiner / A. Ortmann / S. Schweitzer 2010, Experimental Testing of Possible Designs for the Australian Carbon Pollution Permit Allocation Auction, Final report for the Department of Climate Change & Energy Efficiency (DCC), Canberra.

Betz, R. und Neuhoff, K. 2008, The use of auction revenues to avoid negative impact on poor households, in: Neuhoff and Matthes (Ed.) The Role of Auctions for Emissions Trading, Climate Strategies Report, Cambridge.

Rogge, K. / Schleich, J./ Betz, R./ Cozijnsen, J. 2006, Increasing the Ambition of EU Emissions Trading, A report for Greenpeace International.

Betz, R. / Sato, M. 2006, Emissions trading: Lessons learnt from the 1st phase of EU ETS and prospects for the 2nd Phase, Climate Policy, 6(4), S. 351-359.

Ewringmann, D./ Bergmann, H./ Bertenrath, R./ Betz, R./ Dünnebeil, F./ Lambrecht, U./ Liebig, L./ Rogge, K./ Schade, W. 2005, Emissionshandel im Verkehr - Ansätze für einen möglichen Up-Stream-Handel im Verkehr, Forschungsbericht 202 14 198, UBA-FB 000825, Köln.

Betz, R. / Schleich, J. / Rogge, K. 2005, Flexible Instrumente im Klimaschutz – Eine Anleitung für Unternehmen, Karlsruhe.

Schleich, J. / Betz, R. 2004, EU Emissions Trading and Transaction Costs for Small and Medium Sized Companies, Intereconomics, 39(3), S. 121-123.

Walz, R. / Betz, R. 2003, Interaction of EU directive with German climate policy instruments, Final report for the Interact Project, Karlsruhe.

Betz, R. / Walz, R. / Schleich, J. / Nathani, C. 1999, A Review of Employment Effects of European Union Policies and Measures for CO2-Emission Reductions, Report for WWF Germany. Karlsruhe.

Betz, R. / Eichhammer, W. / Jochem, E. / Schön, M. 1999, The Kyoto Target of the EU: Implications of the Burden Sharing and the Greenhouse Gas Basket for CO2-emissions in the Member States, Volume 11, The Shared Analysis Project, Karlsruhe.

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