“Poland continues to amaze. It was the only country in Europe that grew during the global financial crisis. It saw its first contraction, a self-inflicted wound if you will, during the Covid pandemic, and it's returned right back to trend growth since then.”

Prof. Hartwell discussed Poland's economic performance in comparison to other medium-sized economies in Central and Eastern Europe and highlighted Poland’s strengths, particularly in consumer spending and foreign investment in the high-tech sector.

However, he also expressed concerns about persistently low private investment and a complex tax and regulatory environment. Prof. Hartwell emphasised the need for smarter tax policies and the simplification of business processes. Despite these challenges, he remains optimistic about Poland’s long-term growth prospects.