Light-emitting diodes based on halide perovskites have undergone rapid development in recent years and can now offer external quantum efficiencies of over 23%. However, the practical application of such devices is still limited by a number of factors, including the poor efficiency of blue-emitting devices, difficulty in accessing emission wavelengths above 800 nm, a decrease in external quantum efficiency at high current density, a lack of understanding of the effect of the electric field on mobile ions present in the perovskite materials, and short device lifetimes. This review describes the development of perovskite light-emitting diodes. It examines the key challenges involved in creating efficient and stable devices, and considers methods to alleviate the poor efficiency of blue-emitting devices, leverage emission in the long infrared region and create spin-polarized light-emitting diodes. We contributed a section on mobile ions in perovskite LEDs.

Fakharuddin, A., Gangishetty, M.K., Abdi-Jalebi, M. et al. Perovskite light-emitting diodes. Nat Electron (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-022-00745-7